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Cake Pan

A round or rectangular baking vessel made from metal, silicone, or glass, designed to bake cakes with evenly distributed heat for consistent structure and color. Common sizes range from 8 to 10 inches in diameter for round pans and 9×13 inches for rectangular pans. Nonstick coatings aid in release, while aluminum pans offer superior heat conduction. Specialized pans include bundt pans, tube pans, and springform pans for delicate cheesecakes.

Canning

A preservation method where food is packed into jars, sealed, and heated to destroy microorganisms, creating a vacuum seal for long-term storage. Two main types are water-bath canning (for high-acid foods like jams and pickles) and pressure canning (for low-acid vegetables, meats, and soups). Proper headspace, correct processing times, and acidification are critical for safety. Properly canned foods can last 1 to 2 years unopened.

Casserole Dish

A deep, ovenproof vessel—typically made of ceramic, glass, or enameled cast iron—designed for baking dishes like gratins, lasagnas, and slow-cooked stews. Its high sides and large surface area allow for layered ingredients and even heat distribution. Many casserole dishes include matching lids for stovetop-to-oven versatility and moisture retention. They double as attractive serving vessels that keep food warm at the table.

Char

To expose food surfaces directly to high, dry heat—such as on a grill, broiler, or open flame—until blackened in spots, imparting smoky flavor and textural contrast. Commonly charred items include vegetables, fruits (pineapple), and proteins (steak, chicken). Charring enhances complexity through slight bitterness, caramelization, and smoky notes. It’s both a cooking method and a flavoring technique.

Cheesecloth

A lightweight, loosely woven cotton fabric used for straining, bundling herbs (bouquet garni), making cheese, and clarifying stocks. Its open weave allows liquids to pass while trapping solids, making it ideal for creating smooth sauces and clear consommés. Available in multiple grades from very fine to coarse, the choice depends on the desired level of filtration. Cheesecloth can also protect food from insects when covering dishes.

Chewiness (Meatiness)

The texture of meat that offers moderate resistance when bitten, indicating properly developed connective tissue breakdown and balanced tenderness. Ideal chewiness retains a satisfying bite without being tough or overly soft, contributing to “meatiness” and mouthfeel. Factors include cut, cooking method, and resting.

Chill

To cool ingredients rapidly in the refrigerator or ice bath, lowering temperature to slow microbial growth, solidify fats, or set gels. Chilling is essential for pie crusts, chocolate work, and resting doughs.

China Cap

A conical, perforated metal strainer with a wide rim, used to strain sauces, soups, and stocks to remove seeds, skins, and coarse solids. The tapered shape concentrates solids at the tip for easier removal, while the perforations allow liquid to pass through quickly. Used with a pestle or ladle to press ingredients against the sides, it yields smooth results. It is essential for making fine purées and veloutés.

Chop

Chop is the technique of cutting food into irregular pieces of roughly uniform size (¼ to ½ inch). Proper chopping ensures even cooking and uniform texture in dishes.

Clarify

To remove impurities and solids from liquids - such as butter, stock, or consommé - for clarity, purity of flavor, and smooth texture. Clarified butter (ghee) is butter melted and strained to separate milk solids. Clarified stocks use egg-white raft to trap particulates, resulting in crystal-clear consommé.

Coarsely Chop

Coarsely chop refers to larger pieces (½ to 1 inch) to maintain texture in stews, salsas, or crudités. 

Colander

A bowl with holes...a bowl-shaped strainer with multiple perforations, used to drain pasta, rinse vegetables, or strain boiled foods. Typically made of stainless steel, plastic, or silicone, colanders come in various sizes and footed or perched designs for stability. The perforation size should match the food being drained to prevent small items from slipping through. Some models feature handles and rims for secure placement in sinks.

Compote

A dessert of fresh, dried, or canned fruit gently stewed in sugar syrup with optional spices like cinnamon, vanilla, or citrus peel. Originating in medieval Europe, compote maintains chunky fruit pieces in thickened syrup, distinguishing it from smooth purées or coulis. The fruit softens and becomes sweeter while absorbing surrounding flavors, creating a versatile topping for desserts, breakfast items, or cheese courses. Modern versions can reduce or eliminate added sugar depending on fruit ripeness and desired sweetness.

Conduction Heat

Occurs when heat moves directly from a hot surface (pan or grill) through food by contact, cooking the adjacent area first. This method creates seared crusts and efficient cooking in pans.

Confit

A preservation method where meat (commonly duck) is salt-cured, then slowly poached and stored in its own rendered fat for flavor and shelf stability. Vegetables (garlic, tomatoes) can also be confited at low temperatures in oil.

Convection Heat

Heating by transfer of one solid body to another via a liquid or a gas.

Convection heat transfer in ovens uses a fan to circulate hot air around food for faster, more even cooking and browning. Convection ovens often cook at lower temperatures or shorter times than conventional settings.

Cooling Rack

A wire grid tray used to elevate baked goods or cooked items off hot pans, allowing air to circulate and food to cool evenly without sogginess. Made from stainless steel or coated metal, racks prevent condensation from forming underneath and help maintain crisp edges on cookies and baked crusts. They can also double as a roasting rack inside roasting pans.

Core

To remove the central, often fibrous portion of fruits or vegetables (e.g., apples, bell peppers) to eliminate seeds or tough cores. Coring ensures uniform texture and flavor absorption in stuffed or baked dishes.

Corn Syrup

A sweet, viscous syrup derived from cornstarch, composed primarily of glucose, and used to add moisture, sweetness, and smooth texture to candies, sauces, and baked goods. It prevents crystallization in sugar recipes, ensuring soft caramels, frostings, and glazes. Light corn syrup is nearly flavorless, while dark corn syrup contains molasses for deeper color and taste.

Coulis

A smooth, strained sauce made from puréed fruits or vegetables, often seasoned with sugar, herbs, or spices. Berry coulis accompanies desserts, while tomato coulis complements savory dishes. The sauce is velvety in texture and brightly flavored, used for drizzling or plating artistry.

Creaminess

The smooth, rich, and unctuous mouthfeel contributed by fats and emulsifiers in dishes like soups, sauces, custards, and ice creams. It’s a key textural attribute that enhances the sensory appeal of both sweet and savory preparations. Achieving creaminess involves balancing fat content, emulsification, and proper cooking techniques.

Crispness

The desirable crunch or snap in foods like fried items, baked goods, and fresh produce, indicating structural integrity and freshness. It results from rapid moisture evaporation and formation of rigid cellular or crust structures. Crispness enhances contrast in textures and elevates perceived quality.

Cross-Contamination

Cross-contamination is the transfer of harmful bacteria from raw foods (especially meats) to ready-to-eat foods or surfaces, leading to foodborne illness. Prevention is critical in all kitchens.

Cube

To cut foods into uniform squares, typically ½ to 1 inch, ensuring even cooking and appealing presentation. Cubing applies to vegetables, fruits, cheeses, and meats for salads, sautés, and stews.

Cut-in

The technique of incorporating solid fats (butter, shortening) into flour to create flaky textures in pastries, pie crusts, and biscuits. The fat is broken into pea-sized pieces and coated with flour, inhibiting gluten formation and creating steam pockets when baked.

Candying

The preservation technique of simmering fruit, peel, nuts, or citrus zest in sugar syrup until it becomes translucent and saturated with sugar, then drying to create a shelf-stable sweet treat. The process crystallizes the sugar within the food’s cellular structure, resulting in a firm, glossy exterior and chewy interior. Commonly candied items include orange peel, ginger, and almonds. Candying adds vibrant flavor, visual appeal, and extended shelf life to ingredients.

Caramelize

The process of cooking sugars or sugar-containing foods (like onions) over heat until they brown and develop rich, sweet, and nutty flavors through the Maillard reaction and sugar decomposition. It applies to granulated sugar (for candy and sauces) and to natural sugars in fruits and vegetables. Proper caramelization requires steady heat and, often, stirring to prevent burning. The resulting flavor depth enhances desserts, sauces, and savory dishes.

Cast Iron Pan

A heavy skillet made from solid iron, prized for excellent heat retention, even cooking, and naturally nonstick surface when properly seasoned. It excels at searing, frying, baking, and even stovetop-to-oven recipes due to its robust construction. With proper care—avoiding soap, drying thoroughly, and re-oiling—the pan’s seasoning improves over time. Cast iron imparts a slight iron flavor and can last generations.

Charbroiling

Grilling food directly over an open flame or heated ridged surface to achieve grill marks and smoky flavor from fat drips creating flare-ups. Often performed on gas or charcoal grills, charbroiling sears meats at high temperatures (500 to 700°F) for quick crust development. The technique yields distinct crosshatch marks and intensified flavor while sealing in juices.

Chef’s Knife

A multipurpose cutting tool with a broad, tapered blade typically 8 to 10 inches long, designed for chopping, slicing, dicing, and mincing. The curved edge allows for a rocking motion while cutting, promoting efficiency and precision. High-carbon stainless steel blades maintain sharpness and resist corrosion, while full-tang construction ensures balance and durability. Proper technique, grip, and maintenance are essential for safety and performance.

Chiffonade

The technique of stacking, rolling, and slicing leafy herbs or greens—such as basil, spinach, or lettuce—into thin, ribbon-like strips for garnishes, salads, and soups. The term comes from French for “little ribbons.” Chiffonade maximizes surface area for aroma release while creating elegant presentation.

Chimichurri

A vibrant, herb-based sauce from Argentina and Uruguay made primarily from fresh parsley, oregano, garlic, olive oil, and red wine vinegar, traditionally served with grilled meats. The sauce has a bright green color and tangy, herbaceous flavor that cuts through rich proteins like steak and chicken. Regional variations exist, but authentic versions avoid cilantro and maintain a chunky, rustic texture rather than smooth purée consistency. This versatile condiment can also enhance vegetables, seafood, and be used as a marinade.

Chinois

A cone-shaped fine-mesh strainer used to create ultra-smooth sauces, custards, and purées by filtering out seeds, pulp, and particles. Unlike the perforated china cap, a true chinois features extremely fine mesh that catches the smallest solids while allowing liquid to pass through. Often used with a conical pestle to press ingredients through the mesh, it's essential for professional-quality smooth textures in soups and sauces. The name derives from French for "Chinese," referring to its resemblance to Asian conical hats.

Clarified Butter

Pure butterfat with water and milk solids removed through gentle heating and straining, resulting in a golden, clear fat with higher smoke point (450°F) than regular butter. Also known as ghee when cooked slightly longer for nutty flavor, clarified butter doesn't burn at high temperatures and has extended shelf life. The process involves melting butter slowly, skimming foam, and straining through cheesecloth to separate pure fat from milk proteins. It's prized for its intense butter flavor and versatility in high-heat cooking.

Coarse Salt

Large-crystal salt varieties like sea salt or kosher salt, featuring grains significantly larger than table salt and typically without additives like iodine. The larger crystals provide textural contrast and more dramatic flavor impact because each grain is immediately noticeable on the tongue. Coarse salt is ideal for finishing dishes, rimming cocktail glasses, and applications where texture and visual appeal matter more than complete dissolution. It's become the preferred salt for professional chefs due to easier handling with fingers.

Coddle

To cook gently in water just below boiling (around 180°F) to slowly cook delicate foods like eggs or fish. Coddled eggs are lightly cooked in a coddler (small porcelain pot) immersed in hot water. This method prevents toughening and overcooking by avoiding vigorous boiling.

Combine

To mix two or more ingredients together until evenly distributed, a foundational step in nearly all recipes. It encompasses gentle folding for delicate mixtures or vigorous beating for emulsions and aeration. Proper combining ensures even flavor and texture throughout the dish.

Concassé

French term for preparing tomatoes (can also be used for other fruits and vegetables). The process results in tomatoes that are free of the skin and seeds and is done via the following steps: 

  1. Remove the stem end with a paring knife or corer.

  2. Score the bottom of the tomatoes with an X (very shallow, the aim is to only get the skin and as little of the inside as possible).

  3. Blanche the tomatoes for 15 to 30 seconds in boiling water (rolling boil).

  4. Shock the tomatoes by plunging into an ice bath for 1 to 2 minutes.

  5. Remove the skins by starting at the X with a paring knife or by hand.

  6. Cut tomatoes in half and gently squeeze or scoop out the seeds. 

  7. Dice into even, uniform pieces

Confectioner's Sugar (Powdered Sugar)

Finely milled sugar mixed with 3% cornstarch to prevent caking, ideal for icings, glazes, and dusting baked goods. Its fine texture dissolves quickly for smooth finishes.

Consommé

A clear, richly flavored stock clarified via egg-white raft that traps impurities, resulting in a crystal-clear soup. Typically made from beef or chicken stock with finely chopped mirepoix and egg whites.

Cookie Scoop

A spring-loaded utensil with a trigger that releases uniform portions of dough for consistent baking and minimal handling. Scoop sizes range from small (1-tablespoon) to large (4-tablespoon), often color-coded for easy selection. The mechanical release prevents dough compression and ensures round, evenly sized cookies or portions of ice cream. It speeds up portioning and makes cleanup faster compared to spoons.

Coquette (Coquille)

A small, shallow, shell-shaped or round ceramic dish used for individual portions of baked or broiled foods, particularly seafood preparations like Coquilles Saint-Jacques (scallops). These individual serving vessels, typically 4 to 6 inches in diameter, allow for elegant presentation and portion control while providing direct heat transfer for proper browning. Often used for gratins, baked eggs, and appetizers, coquettes can go from oven to table for attractive service. They're essential equipment for classic French cooking techniques requiring individual portions.

Corer

A hand tool used to remove the core and seeds from fruits and vegetables like apples, pears, or bell peppers in one quick operation. It consists of a cylindrical blade (usually ½ to ¾ inch wide) with a handle attached, sometimes spring-loaded to eject cores easily. Corers save time and reduce waste by cutting a uniform hole while leaving most flesh intact. They are ideal for preparing stuffed fruits, quick peeling, or decorative presentations.

Cornstarch

A fine white powder made from the starchy part of corn kernels, used primarily as a thickening agent for sauces, soups, and pie fillings. It thickens at lower temperatures than flour, yields glossy finishes, and has twice the thickening power of wheat flour. Cornstarch must be dispersed in cold liquid before adding to hot mixtures to prevent clumping.

Cream

(Action) To cream means to beat together fat (typically butter) and sugar until the mixture becomes light in color, fluffy in texture, and aerated. This action incorporates air pockets that contribute to the leavening and tender crumb structure in cakes, cookies, and other baked goods. Proper creaming ensures even distribution of sugar and fat, resulting in uniform rise and fine texture. The technique sets the foundation for many batters by creating a stable foam that traps leavening gases.

Crème Fraîche

A rich, cultured cream with 30 to 45% butterfat that's been thickened and slightly soured with bacterial culture, creating a tangy, nutty flavor profile. Unlike sour cream, crème fraîche won't curdle when heated, making it ideal for hot applications like soups and sauces. The higher fat content provides luxurious mouthfeel and stability in both sweet and savory preparations. It can be made at home by combining heavy cream with buttermilk and letting it culture at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours.

Croquette

A small, breadcrumb-coated, deep-fried roll or patty typically containing mashed potatoes, meat, fish, or vegetables bound with béchamel or egg. The cylindrical or oval shape allows even frying and uniform portions. Croquettes are popular appetizers, snacks, and components of composed plates.

Crush

To apply force to break ingredients—like garlic, nuts, or spices—into smaller pieces without uniform shape, releasing oils and flavors. Crushing increases surface area for flavor extraction in infusions, marinades, and spice blends.

Cure

To preserve and flavor foods—commonly meats and fish—using salt, sugar, nitrates, or smoking. Dry curing rubs ingredients onto surfaces; wet curing involves brining in seasoned liquid. Curing inhibits bacterial growth and develops complex flavors.

Cutting Board

A flat surface—commonly wood, plastic, or composite—used to protect countertops and knives during food preparation. Wooden boards are gentle on knife edges and have natural antimicrobial properties; plastic boards are dishwasher-safe and color-coded to prevent cross-contamination. Cutting boards should be large enough to accommodate ingredient sizes and have non-slip feet or grips. Proper cleaning and regular replacement prevent bacterial buildup and knife dulling.

© 2025 by basil instincts

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